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Division involves two main elements: the dividend (the number being divided) and the divisor (the number by which we divide). The result of division is called the quotient.
Let's consider the example of dividing 1542 by 23.
PREPARATION: Write down the dividend (1542) and the divisor (23) in the format for long division.
FIRST STEP: Focus on the first two digits of the dividend (15). Ask how many times 23 goes into 15. Since 23 is greater than 15, it goes in 0 times. So, we consider the first three digits of the dividend (154).
SECOND STEP: Now, we find how many times 23 goes into 154. We determine that 23 goes into 154 6 times (23 × 6 = 138), without exceeding 154. Write '6' as the first digit of the quotient.
THIRD STEP: Multiply 6 by 23 to get 138. Subtract 138 from 154, which gives us 16. Write this number below 154.
FOURTH STEP: Bring down the next digit of the dividend (2) next to the remainder (16) to get the new number 162.
FIFTH STEP: Again, find how many times 23 goes into 162. We determine that it goes 7 times (23 × 7 = 161). Write '7' as the next digit of the quotient.
CONCLUSION (OF THIS STEP): Multiply 7 by 23 to get 161. Subtract 161 from 162, which gives us 1. This is our final remainder.
Dividing 1542 by 23 gives a quotient of 67 and a remainder of 1. This can be written as:
1542 ÷ 23 = 67, remainder 1.
Or, 1542 = 23 × 67 + 1.